Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) Character: Gu Kangxi stroke count: 5 Page 171, Entry 08 Ancient characters (gǔwén) Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), Collection Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced gu. Rhyme Meeting (Yunhui): Pronounced gu (falling-rising tone). Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced gu. Sound: gu (rising tone). Approaching Meaning (Erya): Gu means former or old. Explaining Graphs (Shuowen): Composed of ten and mouth. It refers to those who recognize the words of the past. Xu Xuan says: Transmitted by ten mouths; it is the language of the past. Jade Chapters (Yupian): Long duration; beginning. Book of Documents (Shujing): Regarding the examination of the ancient Emperor Yao. Book of Odes (Shijing): Departing and not living as in the past. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu): History spans three ancient periods. Meng Kang says: Fuxi is the upper ancient period, King Wen is the middle ancient period, and Confucius is the lower ancient period. Also, Book of Rites (Liji): Used to sacrifice to heaven, earth, mountains, rivers, the altars of soil and grain, and ancient ancestors. Annotation: Ancient ancestors refers to forefathers. Also, Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): If the wheel is already too low, then the horse will always climb a slope. Annotation: Always (zhonggu) is synonymous with constantly. Also, Bengu, a county name. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu): Bengu County in Yizhou Commandery. Also a surname. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): When the Great King of Zhou moved from Bin to Qi, he was called Duke Gu, and his descendants took this as their surname. In the Han Dynasty, there was Gu Chu; in the Records of Shu (Shu Zhi), there was the Merit Officer Gu Mu of Guanghan; in the Northern Wei, there was Gu Bi. Also a type of grass. Approaching Meaning (Erya): Red longgu. Annotation: Common people call red grass longgu; the pronunciation has shifted. Also, Collection Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced gu (falling tone). Also written as the character for formerly (gu); the meaning is the same. Liu Xiang, Nine Sighs (Jiutan): Raising the subtle text of the Sorrow of the Departed (Lisao), hoping the sovereign will eventually awaken. Turning my carriage back toward the southern city of Ying, restoring my path to the original past. Also, Supplement to the Dictionary (Zihui Bu): Pronounced ku. Gucheng is a compound surname. Gu Cheng Yun was the Administrator of Guanghan in the Han Dynasty. Gu Cheng Shen of the Later Qin Dynasty participated in the Privy Council through his writings.