Xu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Page (yè) Kangxi Strokes: 15 Page 1403, Entry 22 Tang Rhyme (Tangyun): Pronounced fu (rising tone). Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced fu (rising tone). Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen): Means to lower the head. Composed of the radical for page and an abbreviated form of the character for escape. This is how the term for looking down is written in the divination manuals of the Grand Historian. Yang Xiong says: A person's face pointing downward. Xu Xuan says: It describes the appearance of a bowed head, resembling the state of fleeing, hence it is derived from the abbreviation of the character for escape. The modern popular form is written as fu, which is incorrect. It is also written as mian. Also in Jade Chapters (Yupian): Pronounced mian (rising tone). The meaning is the same. Also Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced tiao (falling tone). Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Offices, Statutes of Auspicious Objects: To perform a formal visit (tiao). Annotation: When many great officers come together, it is called tiao; when a few come, it is called pin. Also Autumn Offices, Great Envoy: A grand formal visit to eliminate the evils of the state. Annotation: A grand formal visit refers to the year of the royal court audience. In the year of the royal court audience, the feudal lords of the five domains all dispatch ministers with betrothal gifts to pay respects to the Son of Heaven. Also Small Envoy: To inquire, visit, examine, and ask are the etiquettes of ministers. Commentary: Storing, visiting, and examining are the etiquettes used by the Son of Heaven to dispatch envoys to pacify the states. Engaging and asking are the etiquettes used by the feudal lords to dispatch envoys for visits and inquiries. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 5 of Duke Zhao: Offering gifts and formal visits with jade tablets. Annotation: Tiao means to see. Explication of Text (Shiwen): Tiao is pronounced tiao (falling tone), and also pronounced tiao (level tone). Also Literary Expositor (Erya), Explanations of Words: Tiao means to look. Annotation: Refers to looking carefully. Zhang Heng, Rhapsody on Thinking: My eyes wander to gaze down upon the foothills of Mount Heng, seeing the collapsed tomb of the Li clan. Also Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced tao (level tone). Means to wash the hands. Supplementary Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui Xiaobu): Ancient sounds change and evolve, and character forms follow suit. For example, the character for looking down, originally written as tiao, or as mian, is now written as fu. The character tiao is now pronounced zhao, and mian is pronounced mian; they are no longer pronounced as fu.