Wei Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Flesh (ròu) Page 974, Entry 22 Pronounced fu. Variant of the character for skin. Pronounced fu. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), and the Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), the pronunciation is fu. According to the Corrected Rhymes (Zhengyun), the pronunciation is fu, sounding like the character for the top of the foot. According to the Explaining Graphs (Shuowen), the seal script variant is written as the character for the forehead. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it means skin. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it means skin. According to the Explanations of Names (Shiming), it means to spread, as that which is spread upon the surface. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Wei: Skin like congealed fat. Book of Changes (Yijing), Biting Jaw hexagram: The second line, biting into meat. Commentary: Skin is a soft and fragile thing. Also refers to pork. Ceremonial Rituals (Yili), Visiting Rituals: Fresh pork, fresh fish, and dried meat. Commentary: Skin refers to pork. Also refers to sliced meat. Book of Rites (Liji), Inner Chapters: Dried meat soup, rabbit sauce, and elk slices. Commentary: Skin refers to sliced meat. According to the Broad Refinement (Boya), it means beauty. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Bin: The noble grandson is large and handsome. Commentary: Skin means beauty. According to the Broad Refinement (Boya), it means to transmit. It also means to separate. It also means to peel. It also means large. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Xiao Ya: To perform great works. Commentary: Skin means large. According to the Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), skin-deep metaphorically refers to being on the surface and not deep. According to the Corrected Rhymes (Zhengyun), the width of four fingers is called a skin. Annals of Master Gongyang (Gongyang Zhuan), 31st Year of Duke Xi: Coming together the width of a hand. Commentary: The width of a hand is called a skin. Also skin-deep receipt. Analects of Confucius (Lunyu): Words received at face value. Book of Documents (Shujing), Announcement of Pan Geng: Now you are clamoring to incite belief in treacherous and superficial words. Commentary: This refers to treacherous, false, and superficial words. Also a place name. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Han Shu), Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices: A total of four shrines at Fushi. Commentary: Fushi is a county in Shang Commandery. Also a personal name. History of the Former Han Dynasty (Qian Han Shu), Table of Ancient and Modern People: Yang Fu. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), pronounced lu. The meaning is the same. According to the Rhyme Supplement (Yunbu), rhymes with the sound of fu. Forest of Changes (Yilin): Fan Ju was a man of excellent talent, yet he suffered disgrace and injury to his skin. Later he assisted the state of Qin and was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Ying.