Wu Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Eye (mù) Zhan Kangxi strokes: 18 Page 818, Entry 36 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced zhan (level tone). Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced zhan (level tone). According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means to look down or observe. According to the Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), looking upward is called zhan. Book of Odes (Shijing), Beifeng: Watching those sun and moon. Record of Rites (Liji), Qu Li: When looking, one should not dart the eyes. Also, a title of an official. Book of Wei (Weishu), Treatise on Officials: There was the official known as the Zhanren Lang. Also, the name of a state. Book of Tang (Tangshu), Record of the Southern Barbarians: Zhanbo, sometimes called Zhanpo, lies north of the Ganges River. Also, the name of a mountain and a river. Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): There is Mount Zhanzhu. Also, the Zhan River, which originates from Mount Louzhuo, flows east and empties into the Luo River. Also, a surname. General Explanations of Characters (Zhengzitong): During the Yuan Dynasty, there was a person named Zhansi who was learned in the classics. Also, used interchangeably with the character zhan. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Zhou: Looking toward the river. Also, according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced zhan (departing tone). To look at. Also, rhyming with jiang: Pronounced zhang. Book of Odes (Shijing), Daya: This benevolent ruler is whom the people look upon. Holding the heart and declaring plans, examining and cautioning his assistants. Also, rhyming with xian: Pronounced zhan (level tone). Book of Odes (Shijing), Xiaoya: Lofty is that southern mountain, with rocks craggy and steep. Illustrious Master Yin, the people all look upon you. Textual research: Book of Odes (Shijing), Weifeng: Watching those sun and moon. Following the original text, Weifeng has been corrected to Beifeng.