Chou Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Earth (tǔ). Kangxi strokes: 11. Page 231, Entry 09. Pronounced zhi. Means to hold, to grasp. Book of Documents (Shijing): Truly hold fast to the middle way. Also refers to handling or treating. Record of Music (Yueji): Master Yi said, let me speak of what I know, and you may consider how to handle it. Also refers to blocking or sealing. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), 28th Year of Duke Xi: Zi Yu sent Bo Fen to request battle, saying, I do not presume to claim certain merit, I only wish to use this to block the mouths of those who offer slander. Also refers to a father's friend, known as a zhiyou (friend of one's father). Book of Rites (Liji): When seeing a father's friend, one does not dare to speak unless questioned. History of the Later Han (Houhan Shu), Biography of Ma Yuan: Ma Yuan was a friend of Liang Song's father. After Liang Song became prominent, he knelt before Ma Yuan's bed, but Ma Yuan did not return the gesture. Also refers to capturing or arresting. Book of Rites (Liji): Executed in the marketplace or court, and the wives and concubines were arrested. Mencius: Simply arrest him. Also a surname. There is also the three-character surname Zhishidai. Also interchangeable with zhe (to be terrified). History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Biography of Zhu Bo: The powerful and influential were intimidated and submissive. Commentary: Meaning to submit due to fear of power and authority. Originally written as the character with the heart radical, simplified to zhi. Also written as the variant form zhi. Textual research: In the Book of Documents (Shijing), the original text reads hold fast to the middle way, and I have corrected the character for his to the character for its.