Chou Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Earth (tǔ). Kangxi strokes: 14. Page 237, Entry 30. Pronounced dian (falling tone). According to the Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters (Shuowen): to sink or be submerged. As stated in the Book of Documents (Shujing), section on the Benefits of Agriculture (Yiji): the common people were confused and distressed. Sometimes written in a variant form (nian). Also pronounced die (entering tone). Name of a river. According to the History of the Northern Dynasties (Beishi), account of the Waixi tribe: The chieftain of the Tuyuhun, Achai, climbed a mountain on the western border of his country to observe the source of the Dian River and asked his ministers about it. The senior scribe Zeng He replied: The water passes through Chouchi, goes by Jinshou, emerges at Dangqu, and only then is it called the Dian River. Also the name of a county, belonging to Chongqing Prefecture, Sichuan Province. According to the Supplement to the History of the Southern Dynasties (Nanshi bu): The Dian River of the Han dynasty is what is now Hezhou. Emperor Yang of the Sui dynasty renamed Hezhou as Fuling and transferred the name of Dian River to Zhongzhou. Also pronounced zhe (entering tone). Low-lying ground.