Wu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Jade (yù) Ying Kangxi Strokes: 14 Page 738, Entry 05 Pronounced ying. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to the luster of jade. According to the Illustrations of Auspicious Omens (Furuitu), jade ying is a treasure of benevolence and virtue, formed naturally without the need for carving, with a luster resembling white flowers. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Han, jade ying appeared in Weiyang. Another theory suggests that when the five constant virtues—benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and integrity—are clearly practiced, jade ying will appear. Modern day white rock ying and purple rock ying are stones that emit light. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it is a beautiful stone resembling jade; crystal is also referred to as jade ying. According to the Ancient Beautiful Songs (Gu Yan Ge), Chang’e hangs down bright ear ornaments, and the Weaver Girl presents jade ying ornaments. Also, for the rhyming supplement, it is pronounced yang. According to the Forest of Changes (Yilin), consume divine mushrooms and yellow essence, drink jade ying. Wander together with the divine spirits, and there will never be disaster or sorrow. The character for inauspicious rhymes with the character for fragrance.