Zi Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Person (rén) 偃 Kangxi strokes: 11 Page 109, Entry 22 Pronounced yǎn (rising tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Writing): To fall over, to fall prostrate. Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili): Lowering the banners then rising to wait. Huainanzi: It is better for a wall that is upright to fall down. Also carries the meaning of submitting, lodging, or lying down. Book of Odes (Shijing): There are those resting and lying on beds. Book of Documents (Shangshu): Cease military preparations and cultivate civil virtues. Also appears as "yanjian," referring to the appearance of being distressed or frustrated. Zuo Zhuan (Zuo Commentary): Those people are arrogant and will discard your orders. Commentary: Yanjian refers to arrogance. Also synonymous with "yan," referring to a dam that obstructs water. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): A bridge is a dam, obstructing water to form a narrow pass. Also refers to "yanzhu," meaning low-lying, damp ground. Zuo Zhuan: Planning for low-lying, damp land. Corrected Commentary: Yanzhu refers to a pool for water storage. Also refers to a toilet. Zhuangzi: The visitor walked around the sleeping quarters and went to the toilet there. Commentary: Yan refers to a toilet. A toilet is used for urination and defecation. Also a place name. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu): The Duke defeated the army of the State of Zhu at Yan. Also a surname. There was a Yan Ji in the State of Jin. Also pronounced tiǎn (rising tone). The meaning remains the same. Textual research: In the Rites of Zhou, Heaven Offices, commentary, it says "Liang, water yan also, yan water to form a narrow pass." Corrected "broad pass" to "narrow pass" according to the original text.