Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) Character: Xia Kangxi stroke count: 18 Page 1316, Entry 15 Pronounced xia. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it is the lynchpin of a carriage. According to the Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), it is the iron tip of a carriage axle. According to the Apocryphal Treatise on the Filial Piety (Xiaojing Goumingjue), the way of filial piety is the lynchpin of ten thousand generations. According to the commentary on the Book of Odes (Shijing) section Small Odes (Xiaoya), regarding the root of the Zhou, it means to be the lynchpin of the Zhou, maintaining the balance of state government. The sub-commentary states: because the lynchpin can control a carriage, it is used to metaphorically describe how a high official can control a state; thus, the office of the Grand Preceptor is considered the lynchpin of the Zhou. According to the Explanation of Text (Shiwen), it is also written in a variant form (xia).