Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Strokes: 22 Page 409, Entry 02 Guangyun (Dictionary of Rhymes) indicates it is pronounced zhe. Jiyun (Compilation of Rhymes) and Yunhui (Collection of Rhymes) also indicate it is pronounced zhe. The pronunciation is the same as the character pronounced zhe. Shuowen (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters) defines it as the loss of courage and fear within the heart. The character structure consists of the heart radical with the sound component pronounced nie. Another interpretation suggests it means to submit or to experience fear. Sometimes written in a variant form. Book of Rites (Liji), Section on Rituals: The aspirations of the heart will not be fearful or submissive. Xunzi, Section on Not Being Negligent (Bugou): When anxious, one will be frustrated and fearful. Also, Jiyun (Compilation of Rhymes) indicates the pronunciation is she. This denotes an appearance of fear and dread. Jiyun (Compilation of Rhymes) notes it is sometimes written in a variant form.