You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Carriage (chē) Pronounced rou (rising tone) Kangxi Strokes: 16 Page 1245, Entry 31 Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Pronounced rou (rising tone) Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced rou (rising tone) Explanatory Text (Shuowen): Refers to the outer frame of a carriage wheel. Naming of Objects (Shiming): The outer frame of a carriage wheel; in the regions west of the pass, it is called rou, meaning a bent wheel frame. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Officers, Record of Artificers (Kaogongji): Vehicles traveling on marshy ground should have the wheel frames installed in reverse; vehicles traveling in mountainous terrain should have the wheel frames installed on their sides. Commentary: Marshy ground is muddy, so reversing the frame means turning the wood over so the softer side faces outward, which makes the wheel slide more easily. Mountainous terrain has much stone and grit, so installing the frame on its side means keeping the hard side outward and the soft side inward, relying on the principle of hard and soft elements complementing each other. Also used interchangeably with the character for bending or kneading (rou). Book of Changes (Yijing), Discussion of the Trigrams (Shuogua): The Kan trigram represents straightening and bending. Sub-commentary: To make something bent straight is called straightening (jiao); to make something straight bent is called rou. Also, according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): The act of trampling. Interchangeable with the character for trampling (rou). Also, according to Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Pronounced rou (falling tone) Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced rou (falling tone) Also, according to Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced you, with the same sound and meaning as the character for soft (rou). Textual Research: Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Officers, Record of Artificers (Kaogongji): Those traveling on marshy ground use reversed wheel frames; those traveling in mountains use tilted wheel frames. Commentary: Marshy land is muddy, and the reversed wheel frame means reversing the wood to keep the softer side outward, as one wishes it to be slippery. Note: The original text term for soft (xu) has been corrected to (ruan).