Si Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Dog (quǎn) 13 strokes Page 715, Entry 08 Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui), Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced nao. Jade Chapter (Yupian): A beast. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): A monkey. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes of the Kingdom (Xiaoya): Do not teach a monkey to climb a tree. Commentary (Zhuan): The nao is a type of ape. Supplementary Commentary (Jian): The nature of the nao is that it is good at climbing trees. Sub-commentary (Shu): The nao is of the same category as the ape, but is not an ape. Lu Ji states: The nao is the macaque. People in the Chu region call it the mu-hou. When old, it is called a jue; those with long arms are called apes; those with white waists are called chanhu. The chanhu ape is more agile than the macaque, yet generally, the nao and the ape belong to the same category. Expanded Observations (Piya): The rong is also called a nao. Yan considers that its tail is soft and long, suitable for sitting upon, which is why the character was formed using the soft (rou) radical. Literary Expositor (Erya), Explaining Beasts (Shishou): The nao and the ape are skilled at climbing. Sub-commentary (Shu): The nao is also known as the yuan. It is adept at climbing branches. Literary Expositor (Erya), Explaining Beasts (Shishou): The meng-song resembles the nao. Sub-commentary (Shu): The meng-song is also known as the meng-gui. It resembles an ape, which is why it is said to resemble a nao. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Originally written as nao, or written as nao, nao, or rou. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced rou. Sometimes written as nao, or interchangeably as rou. Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced rou. Same meaning. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun): Pronounced nou. Same meaning. Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes of the Kingdom (Xiaoya): The nao climbs the tree. Pronounced by Shen Chong. Textual Research: In Expanded Observations (Piya), it is called the rong. The text has been corrected to read rong accordingly.