Xu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Leaf (yè) Kangxi Strokes: 16 Page 1405, Entry 01 Archaic form. Pronounced pin. Jade Chapters (Yupian): Means urgent, pressing, or hurried. Refined Elegance (Guangya): Means continuous or frequent. Book of Odes (Shijing): The fate of the state is so critical. Commentary (Zhuan): The term here means urgent. Annotation (Jian): The term here suggests a continuous succession. The state decrees, inflicting such calamities one after another. Also used as a surname. Customs and Traditions (Fengsutong): During the Han dynasty, there was a Governor of Jiuquan named Pin Chang. Also, according to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to a waterside. Xu Xuan says: Common usage now writes this as water-shore (bin), which is incorrect. Book of Odes (Shijing): Has the pond dried up? Did it not start from the water's edge? Commentary (Zhuan): The term here means waterside. Annotation (Jian): The term here should be written as water-shore (bin). Also, it is the same as the character for frowning. Book of Changes (Yijing): Frowning while returning, although there is danger, there is no disaster. Note: Refers to the appearance of furrowing the brow. Also the name of a fruit. History of the Former Han (Qianhan): Rèn pin, and binglü. Note: Rèn pin refers to the betel nut. It is also sometimes written with the character bin. Textual Research: In the Book of Odes (Shijing) citation, the original text says "land" (di), but the corrected text uses "pond" (chi).