Wu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Cave (xué) Kangxi stroke count: 16 Page 867, Entry 46 Pronounced ju. Pronounced ju. Pronounced lou. Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters): Refers to the inability to live in accordance with ritual. Xu Commentary: The stairs and the eastern steps in front of the hall are used for performing rituals. Poverty makes it impossible to perform rituals, which is therefore first reflected in one's dwelling. Book of Odes (Shijing), Beifeng: To be both destitute and poor. Commentary: The term means a lack of ritual. Erya (Approaching Elegance), Explaining Words: The term means poverty. Note: Refers to poverty and simplicity. Sub-commentary: Because there is no wealth to perform rituals, it is called poverty and simplicity. Additionally, Book of Han (Hanshu), Biography of Dongfang Shuo: Below the basin is called jushu. Shigu Commentary: Jushu is a tool carried on the head. A person who carries items on their head in a basin uses this, and it is what vendors of white rice cakes currently use. Shiming (Explication of Names): The term jushu is similar to jucu (cramped), both expressing a sense of narrowness and restriction. Additionally, pronounced lou. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Chunyu Kun: Even high and narrow land can be filled with a basket of soil. Pei Yin Commentary: Ouju refers to narrow and barren land. Additionally, pronounced lu. The meaning is the same. Textual research: Book of Odes (Shijing), Weifeng: To be both destitute and poor. Correction: According to the original text, Weifeng has been corrected to Beifeng.