Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Strokes: 9 Page 379, Entry 10 Pronounced ju. Meaning arrogant. Also used as a variant form for ju. In the Book of Zhuangzi (Zhuangzi), chapter Lie Yukou, it appears in the phrase, "Granted one rank and yet so arrogant." The commentary states it is the same as this character, meaning a haughty and conceited appearance. Note: In the Biography of Liang Hong in the Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), the poem contains the phrase "alas, how timid." Reliable editions write this as kuangkuang, with the commentary defining it as the meaning of being timid. Some editions erroneously write this as the current character, and Yin Fuchun citing it under this entry is incorrect. The Extensive Rhyme Dictionary (Guangyun) does not contain this character, while the Compilation of Rhymes (Jiyun) does; this is because the former is concise and the latter is detailed. Both are Song dynasty rhyme books, but only the Extensive Rhyme Dictionary contains the preface to the Tang Dynasty Rhymes (Tangyun) by Sun Mian; how can one claim that the Extensive Rhyme Dictionary is the Tang Dynasty Rhymes itself? Since no one in the world has seen the Tang Dynasty Rhymes, how can one know it lacks this character, or that the entry in the Compilation of Rhymes was not derived from the Tang Dynasty Rhymes? The Comprehensive Elegance (Tongya) considers the term kuangkuang to be a corruption of the term for timid, but this is perhaps only intended to identify the correct orthography for the poem by Liang Hong, and does not necessarily imply that the character itself does not exist. The Correct Meaning Dictionary (Zhengzitong) attacks the Collection of Characters (Zihui) for omitting this character, but both are based on subjective conjecture.