Si Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Fire (huǒ) 灸 Kangxi strokes: 7 Page 666, Entry 12 Pronounced jiǔ. Shuowen Jiezi (Dictionary of Explanations of Characters): To cauterize. Yupian (Jade Chapters): To cauterize. Zengyun (Additional Rhymes): To cauterize the body to treat illness. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji): Those whose constitution is weak should not be subjected to cauterization, acupuncture, or the ingestion of toxic medicinal substances. Also written as a variant form (jiǔ). Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili): Cover the sacrificial vessel with coarse cloth to stop it up. Commentary: The word for stop is read as cauterize. It refers to using coarse cloth to cover the opening of the vessel to act as a plug. Sub-commentary: To cauterize means to stop up; it means simply using coarse cloth to cover the vessel opening as a seal. Pronounced jiù. The meaning is the same. Record of Trades (Kaogongji) in the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): Prop it against the wall to observe if the curvature is uniform. Commentary: To cauterize is synonymous with to prop. Sub-commentary: To prop against the two walls to observe whether the structure is strong or weak and if it is uniform. Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu): Tianjiu and Baijiu are alternative names for the buttercup plant. Mountain dwellers gathering these leaves to treat malaria rub them onto the wrist pulse; overnight, they create blisters like burns, hence the name. Also a surname. See the Genealogy of Surnames (Xingyuan). Jiyun (Collection of Rhymes): Sometimes written in a variant form.