Wu Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Arrow (shì) 17 strokes Page 825, Entry 01 Pronounced jiao (rising tone). From Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters): To straighten an arrow with a clamping tool. From Guang Ya (Expanded Glossaries): Straight. From Li Bu Yun Lue (Abbreviated Rhymes of the Ministry of Rites): To bend what is straight to make it correct. From Book of Changes (Yijing), section Discussion of the Trigrams: The Kan trigram represents the bending and straightening. Commentary: To make what is crooked straight is called jiao, to make what is straight crooked is called rou. From Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of the Marquis of Pingjin: Straightening the arrow and pressing the bowstring. Commentary: To correct the crooked and make it straight. From History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu), Edict of Emperor Cheng: The people become more and more lazy, how shall one correct them? Commentary: Jiao means to correct. From Liu Xie, New Treatise (Xin Lun): The device used to straighten wood (bǎngqíng) is for correcting what is not straight. Also: Deceit, to act without authorization. From Lei Pian (Classified Chapters): Falsehood. From Zi Hui (Collection of Characters): To falsely claim, to feign. Commonly written as the variant form (jiǎo). From Book of Documents (Shujing), Counsels of Lu: To seize and plunder by force and deceit. From History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu), Edict of Emperor Gao: Written as the variant form (jiǎo) in the context of violent seizures. Commentary: To use deceit is called jiao, to take by force is called qian. From Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), 26th Year of Duke Zhao: To falsely invoke the authority of the former kings. From Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Ji An: He forged an imperial mandate and held the credential, opened the granaries of Henan to provide relief to the impoverished people. From History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu), Annals of Emperor Gao: Xiang Yu killed the Lord of Qingzi by deceit. Commentary: To invoke the authority of King Huai and kill him under that guise. From Da Dai Liji (Records of Ritual by Dai the Elder): To claim an office one is not entitled to is called jiao. Also: From Erya, Explaining Teachings (Shixun): Jiao jiao means brave. From Guang Ya (Expanded Glossaries): Martial. From Book of Odes (Shijing), Eulogies of Lu: Brave are the tiger-like ministers. In the Eulogies of Zhou, it is written as a variant form (jué). Commentary: The appearance of being martial. Also: Strong. From Book of Rites (Liji), Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong): How strong is he! In Xunzi, Chapter on the Way of the Minister, it is written as a variant form (jiǎo). Commentary: Appearance of being strong. Also: To raise. From Tao Qian, Return Home (Gui Qu Lai Ci): At times I raise my head and gaze into the distance. In Yang Xiong, Rhapsody on the Sweet Springs (Ganquan Fu), it is written as a variant form (jiǎo). Also: To fly. From Sun Chuo, Rhapsody on Visiting Mount Tiantai: Preparing my light wings and thinking of soaring. In Yang Xiong, Dialect (Fangyan), it is written as a variant form (jiǎo). Also: A surname. From Feng Su Tong (Comprehensive Meaning of Customs and Traditions): A descendant of Jiao Fu, a grandee of the Jin state. In the Former Han, there was the Right General Jiao Wang, and in the Later Han, there was the recluse Jiao Shen. Jiao is also written as the variant form (jiǎo). Also: Pronounced jiao (falling tone). Equivalent to the variant form (jiǎo). Also means deceit, and the appearance of being strong and unyielding. Also the appearance of raising high. Originally from Mao Shi Yun Zeng (Mao Family's Additions to Rhymes). Also: Pronounced jiao. The flight of an arrow. From Shen Yi Dong Huang Jing (Classic of Divine Marvels of the Eastern Wilderness): The Eastern King Father and the Jade Maiden played at tossing arrows into a pot; for every twelve hundred throws, the arrows flew (jiao). Also: Jiao jiao, the appearance of raising high. From History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu), Biographies: Jia Yi was outstanding, rising to the court at a young age. Commentary by Yan Shigu: The rhyming pronunciation is jiao. Also: Pronounced qiao. Also a surname. From Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biographies of the Disciples of Confucius: Jiao Ziyong, a man from east of the Yangtze. Commentary: Jiao is pronounced qiao. Shigu says: Jiao Zi is the name, Yong is the courtesy name. Interchangeable with the variant forms (jiǎo) and (jué). The Zheng Yun (Correct Rhymes) states it is the same as the variant form (qiáo), which is incorrect.