Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Gate (mén) 閡; Kangxi strokes: 14; Page 1333, Entry 37 Pronounced ai (falling tone). Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters): To close from the outside. Composed of the Gate radical and hai, with the latter serving both as semantic indicator and phonetic. Yupian (Jade Chapters): To obstruct. Book of Changes (Yijing), Commentary on the Meng Hexagram: To retreat is to be confined by obstacles; to advance is to be blocked by mountains. Commentary (Shu): The Kan trigram sits beneath the Gen trigram, representing danger beneath a mountain, leading to a state of being obstructed and unclear. Commentary on the Zhongfu Hexagram: Desiring to advance but being obstructed by the enemy, thus sometimes beating the drums. Zuo Si, Rhapsody on the Capital of Wu (Wudu Fu): Cold and heat are obstructed between heaven and earth. Commentary: The character is pronounced ai (falling tone). Baopuzi (Master Who Embraces Simplicity), Renming Chapter: To study without thinking leads to a multitude of doubts and obstructions. Guangpi Chapter: The reason the divine phoenix departs from the Dan Cave in the morning and gathers at Xuan Hill in the evening, traversing the nine heavens before the sun’s shadow has shifted, riding the wind and clouds without being obstructed, is that its six wings are light and powerful. Liezi, Yellow Emperor Chapter: Those who are in harmony merge completely with all things, and nothing can harm or obstruct them; they may walk upon metal or stone and tread within water or fire, all of which is possible. Interpretation of Texts (Shiwen): The character is pronounced ai (falling tone). Pronounced hai (falling tone). To cover, hide, or block. Book of Han (Hanshu), Treatise on Harmonics and Calendrical Astronomy: To contain and store all things, while blending the Yang energy to obstruct the seeds. Commentary: Meng Kang states that this means to store and block. Pronounced gai (falling tone). The meaning is the same as above. Pronounced he (rising tone). To obstruct. Pronounced kai (rising tone). To open. Rhyme Supplement (Yunbu): Rhymes with gai (rising tone). Book of Han (Hanshu), Hymns for the Suburban Sacrifices: Determined to fly to the nine heavens, floating and wandering through the vastness of the universe. Interpretation of Texts (Shiwen): Rhymes with gai (rising tone).