Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) 忿 Kangxi strokes: 8 Page 379, Entry 02 Pronounced fen (falling tone). Pronounced fen (falling tone). Pronounced fen (falling tone). The pronunciation is the same as that of the character for a type of fish. Shuowen Jiezi defines this as internal annoyance or vexation. Yupian defines it as hatred or anger. Book of Documents (Shangshu), chapter Jun Chen: You must not be angry or hateful toward the foolish and obstinate. The commentary explains: This means do not be angry or hateful toward them. Also, pronounced fen (falling tone). Pronounced fen (falling tone). Pronounced fen (falling tone). The pronunciation is the same as that of the character for an ornamental cow's head. Sometimes written in a variant form. It is synonymous with the character for indignation. Book of Rites (Liji), chapter Great Learning (Daxue): If one is filled with indignation, the mind cannot be upright. The Shiwai explains: Fen is pronounced as fen (rising tone), which is the pronunciation according to the Jiyun and other such books. Also, pronounced pen (falling tone). Pronounced pen (falling tone). Pronounced pen (falling tone). The pronunciation is the same as that of the character for a river name. The meaning is the same. Also, it is interchangeable with the character for share. Du Fu, Poem Sending Off Attendant Lu: Do not begrudge the peach blossoms being redder than brocade. Do not begrudge here means to not be at peace or satisfied, which is the same as the meaning of indignation. Also, in rhyme-linked verse, pronounced fei (falling tone). The pronunciation is the same as that of the character for a type of grass. Liu Xiang, Nine Laments (Jiutan): My worried heart tosses and turns, sorrow and gloom are knotted within. My grievances have not been eased, I have long held back my indignation. Note: This character has pronunciations derived from the fu-initial, the fei-initial, and the feng-initial; all are labiodental sounds and are generally similar. Textual research: Book of Rites (Liji), chapter Great Learning (Daxue): If a person is filled with indignation, then he cannot be upright. Commentary: Fen is pronounced as fen (rising tone). I have carefully amended the term commentary to Shiwai in accordance with the original text.