Hai Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Black (hēi) Du Kangxi Stroke Count: 27 Page 1522, Entry 01 Pronounced du. According to the Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen), it means to grasp or hold onto filth. According to the Yupian, it means to count, filth, or to be covered/obscured. According to the Zhengzitong, it means muddy or to disturb/confuse. In the Book of Documents (Shujing), under the chapter on the Charge to Yue (Shuoming), it is written: To be disrespectful in ritual sacrifice is what is called being du. In the Book of Han (Hanshu), in the Biography of Mei Gao, it says: To be overly familiar and du with those of high favor. Shigu notes: Du means to be dirty or muddy. According to Jia Kui in the Commentary on the Discourses of the States (Guoyu), du means to be overly familiar. According to the Guangya, it means to be intimate or to take liberties with. According to the Yupian, it means black. According to the Zhengzitong, it describes a dark, shadowy appearance. In Zuo Si’s Rhapsody on the Capital of Wu (Wudufu), it is written: The forest trees were made moist and dark.