Yin Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Napkin (jīn) 幣 Kangxi stroke count: 15 Page 337, Entry 02 Pronounced bì. Shuowen Jiezi: Silk fabric gifts. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Heaven, Grand Administrator: Use nine standards to regulate financial expenditures; the sixth is the standard for silk fabric gifts. Commentary: Silk fabric gifts are offerings used to reward and entertain guests. Also, Jiyun: Wealth. Hengqu Liku: Bi is a collective term for all types of valuable goods, including gold, jade, ivory, leather, currency, and textiles. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Heaven, Grand Administrator: Use nine tributes to provide for the needs of the state; the fourth is the silk fabric tribute. Commentary: Silk fabric tributes refer to offerings such as jade, horses, furs, and textiles. Also, Internal Treasury: All offerings of wealth from the four directions, including gold, jade, ivory, leather, and weapons, as well as all fine goods and bribes, are deposited here. Guanzi, State Accumulation Chapter: Pearls and jade are considered high-value currency; gold is medium-value currency; knife-shaped coins and cloth money are low-value currency. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Treatise on the Balancing of Goods: White deer skins, one square foot in size and decorated with colorful embroidery along the edges, were used to create leather currency, valued at four hundred thousand. History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Annals of Emperor Wu: Concerned officials noted that because the currency was light and undervalued, there was much deceit and dishonesty; agriculture was neglected while merchants and artisans flourished. To suppress the path of monopolization, the currency was reformed to exert control. Commentary: Bi refers to money. The half-tael coin was abolished and the five-zhu coin and leather currency were implemented to monitor and restrain the corrupt. Also, Jiyun: Pronounced bì. Meaning is the same. Textual research: In the Rites of Zhou, Office of Heaven, Grand Administrator, the commentary states that silk fabric gifts are used to reward and entertain guests. In accordance with the original text, the word entertain has been corrected to reward.