Zi Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Person (rén) Character: Zhen Kangxi stroke count: 11 Page number: Page 111, entry 35 Pronounced cheng. Meaning: to spy, to observe in secret. Commentary on the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan) by Du Yu: People who gather information are called wandering scouts, also known as spies. Biography of Prince Xiao of Qinghe in the History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): Sent inner attendants to observe in secret to understand the gains and losses. Biography of Ren Yan the Upright Official in the History of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): Ceased the soldiers used for scouting and garrisoning. Also written in a variant form. He Guan Zi, King’s Ax Chapter: Spies are sufficient to restrain one another. Annotation: Zhen and the variant form have the same meaning.