Zi Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Person (rén) 偵 Kangxi strokes: 11 Page 111, Entry 02 Pronounced cheng Meaning: To spy, to observe in secret. Commentary by Du Yu on the Commentary of Zuo (Zuozhuan): People engaged in espionage are called roaming scouts, also known as spies. Biography of Prince Xiao of Qinghe, Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): The palace sent attendants to secretly observe successes and failures. Biography of Ren Yan, Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): To stop and withdraw soldiers used for reconnaissance and surveillance. Also written in a variant form. Pheasant Cap Master (Heguanzi), King's Axe Chapter: Spies are sufficient to restrain one another. Commentary: The character for spy is identical to this one.