Hai Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Deer (lù) Character: Zhang Kangxi strokes: 22 Page 1511, Entry 19 Pronounced zhang. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it is the same as the river deer. According to the Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters (Shuowen), it belongs to the elk family. According to the Expanded Elegantia (Piya), the river deer resembles a small deer and is beautiful, hence it is written with the component for elegant/pattern (zhang). Zhang also implies the meaning of beauty. Furthermore, the river deer is naturally easily startled, which is why it is written with the component for elegant/pattern. According to the Annals of Wu and Yue (Wuyue Chunqiu), zhang means to be startled or panicked. Li Shizhen states: when hunters wave colorful flags, river deer and elk will stare at them, as river deer are fond of patterns and colors, hence the character is written with the component for elegant/pattern. According to Taoist scriptures, the river deer and the deer lack a soul. According to the Materia Medica Commentary (Bencao Zhu), the Records of Auspicious Signs (Fu Rui Zhi) record the existence of a silver river deer, which is white and appears when a ruler administers punishments with fairness and reason.