Wu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Spirit (shì) Kangxi Strokes: 14 Page 844, Entry 24 Pronounced yin. Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters) defines it as a pure sacrifice. Another interpretation states that offerings made with a sincere heart are called yin. Book of Documents (Shangshu), Canon of Shun: Performed the yin sacrifice to the six honored ones. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Offices, Grand Minister of Rites: Use the yin sacrifice to honor the August Heaven God. Commentary explains: The meaning of yin is related to smoke; the Zhou people revered scents, and the smoke produced by burning offerings during sacrifice could be perceived by smell. Pronounced yan. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Zhou: The phrase "initiating the yin sacrifice," Xu Miao's annotation reads it as yan. Note: The character yin is also written in a variant form (yan). It appears in the Wei Shouchan Biao (Memorial on the Abdication of Wei). Additionally, this character is identical to the duplicate entry.