Wu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Jade (yù) Yao Kangxi Strokes: 11 Page 731, Entry 12 Pronounced yao. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it is the shell of a clam. According to the Progressing Toward Elegance (Erya), in the chapter interpreting fish, a small clam is called a yao. The commentary states that a yao is a jade yao, which is a small mussel. The Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing) states: In the Ji river, there are many clams and yao. Guo Pu, in the River Rhapsody (Jiangfu), writes: Jade yao and moon of the sea. The commentary states: Yao is pronounced yao. It is also a type of mussel. The Correct Interpretation of Characters (Zhengzitong) states: The river yao is shaped like a mussel. The meat column inside its shell is about an inch long, resembling a hairpin tip; this is called the river yao column. Its shell can be used to decorate objects. According to the Materia Medica (Bencao), it is also known as jade yao, sea moon, horse cheek, and horse shell. In Guangzhou, it is called jiaodai zi. In ancient times, the Son of Heaven used it as decoration for swords. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), in the Minor Odes section, it is mentioned that the Son of Heaven has jade decorations on the sword scabbard and yao decorations on the scabbard tip. It is also the name of a bow. According to the Progressing Toward Elegance (Erya), in the chapter interpreting vessels, a bow decorated with clam shell is called a yao. The commentary explains that when gold, clam, or jade are used to decorate the two ends of a bow, it is named after this material. Yao refers to a small clam. In the Songs of Chu (Chuci), in the Heavenly Questions section: Holding the yao and pulling the thumb ring, he shoots the giant boar. The commentary states: Feng means to hold. Yao is the name of a bow. It is also the name of a type of jade. The Baopuzi, in the chapter on poverty and success, mentions that yao splendor and dark green jade are treasures worth entire cities.