Chen Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Bad (dǎi) 殃 Kangxi strokes: 9 Page 579, Entry 41 Ancient literature records: Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Broad Rhymes (Guangyun), Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), Classified Anthology (Leipian), Rhyme Meeting (Yunhui), and Orthodox Rhymes (Zhengyun) state the pronunciation is yang (level tone), matching the sound of yang. The Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) defines it as: sin or fault. Another definition suggests it means disaster, punishment, or corruption. The Book of Documents (Shangshu), chapter Yi Xun, records: Doing evil deeds leads to the arrival of various disasters. The Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), section Offices of Heaven: Female Invokers, records: In charge of performing seasonal rituals such as Zhao, Geng, Hui, and Rang to eliminate illnesses and disasters. Furthermore, Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun) states the pronunciation is yang (level tone), matching the sound of yang. The meaning is the same.