Si Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Fire (huǒ). Kangxi strokes: 13. Page 671, Entry 04. Pronounced yan (level tone). Explaining the Characters (Shuowen): Originally written as the character for smoke. Refer to the detailed note under the entry for smoke. Xunzi, Chapter on Enriching the State (Fuguo pian): The wild ducks and geese are like a sea of mist. Also, pronounced yin (level tone). Broad Rime (Guangyun): The expansive and pervasive vapors of heaven and earth. In the Book of Changes (Yijing), it is written as the character for primordial energy. Collected Rimes (Jiyun): Sometimes written in a variant form (yīn). Ban Gu, Treatise on the Canon (Dianyin): The swirling and pervasive vapors. Liu Zhen, Rhapsody on the Capital of Lu (Ludu fu): Trailing hair arranged like reeds, luxuriant as mist and smoke, the nine colors glittering, the magnificent patterns scattering. Smoke, the ancient form of the character. Pronounced yan (level tone). Explaining the Characters (Shuowen): The vapor from fire. Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Autumn Offices: Use the smoke to cover them. Also a surname. See Compendium of Characters (Zihui). Also, pronounced yin (level tone). Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Spring Offices, Commentary by the Grand Director of Ceremonies: The term for ritual sacrifice is smoke. The people of the Zhou dynasty valued the scent of sacrificial smoke; the scent of the smoke-vapor could be smelled. Commentary: Smoke is pronounced yin. Liu Zongyuan, Eulogy for a Cousin: Lingering in joyous travels, crossing the months for a full ten-day period, at night burning torches of fat, by day traversing the wind and mist. Explaining the Characters (Shuowen): Sometimes written in a variant form (yan). Collected Rimes (Jiyun): The ancient seal script form is also written as a variant.