Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) Strokes: 14 Page 397, Entry 26 According to the Extensive Rhymes (Guangyun), the pronunciation is xu. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), the Rhyme Assembly (Yunhui), and the Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), the pronunciation is xu, sounding like chu. In the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it is defined as to arise. It is formed from the heart radical and the phonetic component chu. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), in the section Odes of Bei (Beifeng): He is not able to nurture me, but instead considers me an enemy. According to the Zhu Commentary (Zhu zhuan): Xv means to nurture. According to the Jian Commentary (Jian): Xv means to spoil. It means that the gentleman cannot use grace to spoil me. According to the Correct Meaning (Zhengyi): Upon checking all versions, they all define xv as to nurture. Sun Yu cites the commentary saying: Xv means to rise, which is incorrect. The Erya does not define xv as to spoil; rather, it is because nurturing leads to spoiling, which is why the Jian defines it as to spoil. To spoil is a term for extreme grace, while enemy is a term for extreme resentment. Thus, the definition of xv as to arise in the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen) is an error, just as Sun Yu's is. It is also used interchangeably with the character meaning livestock (chu). In Ma Rong's Ode to Guangcheng (Guangcheng song): To loosen, to accumulate. The commentary notes: Xv is used interchangeably with the character meaning livestock (chu). Accumulate means to gather. According to the Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), the pronunciation is chu. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian): It means to hate.