Wei Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Sheep (yang). Kangxi strokes: 13. Page 952, number 31. The Guangyun (Guangyun), Jiyun (Jiyun), and Zhengyun (Zhengyun) dictionaries all provide the fanqie pronunciation si-mian, pronounced the same as xian. Explaining Writing and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) defines it as covetousness. The character form is composed of xian and the omitted portion of you. Do not be so covetous — Book of Odes (Shijing). The commentary notes it means not to have such greedy admiration. Additionally, the Guangyun explains it as surplus. In the four quarters there is a surplus — Book of Odes. The traditional commentary states that xian means remainder; the sub-commentary states that people in all four directions have an abundance. Occasional extraordinary profits — Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji). The commentary explains that qixian refers to having a frequent surplus. Additionally, in the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), the elongated jade disk (bixian) is used to establish measurements. The commentary cites Zheng Sinong saying that xian refers to length. Additionally, in the Records of the Grand Historian, His achievements surpassed those of the Five Emperors. The commentary states that xian means to surpass or overflow. Additionally, the Guangyun records it as a surname. Entered the sea to seek Xianmen and Gaoshi — Records of the Grand Historian. The commentary states that Xianmen is the name of an ancient immortal. Additionally, the Jiyun, Classified Chapters (Leipian), and Collected Rhymes (Yunhui) provide the fanqie pronunciation yan-mian, pronounced the same as yan. The Yunhui also provides the fanqie pronunciation yi-qian, also pronounced the same as yan. The meaning is the same. Additionally, the Jiyun provides the fanqie pronunciation yi-ran, pronounced the same as yan. The term shan is sometimes written as xian, referring to a tomb path. Gongbo entered, and Marquis Xi committed suicide in the tomb path — Records of the Grand Historian. The commentary (Suoyin) states that xian is pronounced as yan and refers to a tomb path. The Jiyun notes that writing it in the popular form xian is incorrect.