Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Gate (mén) Wen Kangxi strokes: 16 Page 1337, Entry 01 According to the Five Tones Collected Rhymes (Wuyin Jiyun), pronounced wen. It refers to looking downward. It is the same as the character meaning to look with lowered eyes (shan). Also, in the Biography of the Five Sons of Emperor Wu from the History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu): Wen Township. The commentary by Meng Kang states: Wen is the ancient form of the character for hear (wen). During the Jian'an era, it was changed to the modern form of hear (wen). Yan Shigu states: The character wen was originally formed with a gate component and the component for hear (wen), but later it became corrupted, leading to the form with an ear component inside the gate. Guo Pu pronounced it as ru shou, which is far from the logical explanation. Note: The Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi) defines the character meaning to look with lowered eyes (shan) as looking with lowered eyes. The Rhyme Dictionary (Guangyun) states that the character meaning to look with lowered eyes (shan) is commonly written in the variant form wen. The History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu) commentary regards wen as an ancient form of hear (wen). Since the character meaning to look with lowered eyes (shan) and the character hear (wen) have different meanings, and characterizing wen as an ancient form is particularly inexplicable, one should rely on the Rhyme Dictionary (Guangyun) as the authority.