Xu Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Metal (jīn) Kangxi stroke count: 14 Page 1304, Entry 01 Tang Rhyme (Tangyun): Pronounced tóng Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compilation (Yunhui): Pronounced tóng Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Simple and Analyzing Compound Characters): Red metal. Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Jijie): There are three types of copper: red, white, and green. Red copper is found in Sichuan, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Guizhou; locals quarry the mountains to mine and smelt it. White copper is produced in Yunnan, and green copper is produced in the southern frontier regions. Guangyun (Broad Rhymes): A type of metal. Book of Han (Hanshu), Treatise on Harmonics and Calendars: Whenever crafting instruments for pitch, measures, and weights, copper is used because it is the most pure of materials. It does not alter its integrity due to dryness, humidity, cold, or heat, and it does not change its form due to frost, dew, wind, or rain. There is also native copper, also known as stone marrow lead. There is also copper green (copper carbonate/verdigris). Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Jijie): The essence of copper is empty green (konglü), second only to empty blue (kongqing). Baopuzi (Master Who Embraces Simplicity), Volume on Golden Elixir: Coating the feet with copper green allows one to enter the water without the skin rotting. Also a place name. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), Ninth Year of Duke Cheng: He was captured at Tongdi. Commentary: Tongdi is a separate district of the Jin state, located in Shangdang. Book of Han (Hanshu), Treatise on Geography: Tonglai County in Yizhou Commandery. Also a mountain name. Book of Han (Hanshu), Biography of Liu Bi, Prince of Wu: The state of Wu had Tong Mountain in Yuzhang Commandery. Also an official title. Book of Han (Hanshu), Tables of Officials and Ministers: The subordinate officials of the Superintendent of Waterways included the Magistrate of Copper Differentiation. Commentary: Copper Differentiation refers to the official in charge of classifying types of copper. Also a palace name. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), Thirty-First Year of Duke Xiang: The palace at Tongdi stretched for several miles. Commentary: Tongdi was a detached palace of the Jin state. Also a personal name. Book of Han (Hanshu), Table of Ancients and Moderns: Tongdi Bohua. Also, Book of Han (Hanshu), Annals of Emperor Xuan: A golden lingzhi fungus with nine stalks grew in the copper pool of Hande Hall. Commentary: A copper pool is a device beneath the eaves for catching rainwater, made of copper. Also, Gujin Zhu (Commentary on Ancient and Modern Things): Qin Shi Huang had a fine horse named Copper Sparrow. Also, Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Annals of Emperor Xiaowen: First instance of creating copper tiger tallies with the governors and chancellors of commanderies and states. Also interchangeable with the character meaning a cave (dòng). Classic of Mountains and Seas (Shanhaijing): The mountain of Dongting. Commentary: In some versions, the character for cave is written as copper. Textual research: Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), Thirty-First Year of Duke Xiang: Palace of Tongdi. Commentary: Tongdi, a detached palace of Jin. Per the original text, both instances of the character di (鍉) have been corrected to di (鞮).