Mao Collection, Upper Volume
Radical: Heart (xīn)
15 strokes
Page 399, Entry 03
Pronounced te.
Broad Rhymes (Guangyun): Evil.
Book of Documents (Shujing), Biography of Bi: To distinguish the virtuous from the evil.
Also, defiled.
Book of Rites (Liji), Record of Music: When the world is in chaos, rituals become defiled and music becomes licentious.
Also, wicked.
Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Yong: To the death, I swear I have no wickedness.
Also, to conceal evil.
Book of Documents (Shujing), Chapter on the Officers of Zhou: To investigate villainy and wickedness.
Also, earth wickedness, such as miasma and insect poisons.
Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Earth: The Master of Earth records manages maps, instructs on earthly matters, and identifies earthly wickedness to distinguish the properties of the land.
Discourses of the States (Jin Yu): At night, the quiet woman practices virtue to subdue insect poisons and wickedness.
Also, regional wickedness.
Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Office of Earth: The Master of Odes manages regional wickedness to instruct the ruler on taboos. Commentary: Regional wickedness refers to the evil speech of the four directions.
Also, tilted wickedness.
History of the Former Han (Hanshu), Treatise on the Five Elements: When the moon appears in the east at the beginning of the month, this is called tilted wickedness. Meng Kang says: Tilted wickedness means the moon's movement is slow and follows the sun, appearing again when it should have set.
Also, pronounced ni.
Concealing one's true feelings while decorating one's faults is called wickedness. Composed of the character for conceal and the character for heart, it refers to the wickedness that is hidden within the heart.
Textual research: The original text cited Rites of Zhou, Office of Autumn, investigating villainy and wickedness. Note: The Office of Autumn does not contain such text; it is found in the Chapter on the Officers of Zhou within the Book of Documents. The reference has been corrected from Rites of Zhou, Office of Autumn to Book of Documents, Chapter on the Officers of Zhou.
