Chen Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Tree (mù) 松 Kangxi stroke count: 18 Page 514, Entry 11 Archaic forms include and. Pronounced song. It is a type of tree. Book of Explaining Characters (Zishuo) states: The pine (song) is the leader of all trees, similar to the rank of duke (gong), therefore the character is composed with the element for duke (gong). Book of Rites (Liji): Like the pine and cypress which have a heart, they endure through the four seasons without changing their branches or leaves. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Tortoise Divination: A thousand-year-old pine has dodder growing above it and tuckahoe fungus growing below it. Gathered Vestiges (Zhiyi): Lady Deng of Wu injured her face, and used powdered amber to erase the scar. Commentary: Amber is pine resin that has transformed after being buried in the earth for a thousand years. Also sweet pine (gansong), name of an aromatic herb. Comprehensive Records (Guangzhi): It has fine leaves, grows as a vine, and can be mixed with various aromatics. Also long pine (changsong). Materia Medica (Bencao): Another name is immortal thatch (xianmao), which can treat wind-related ailments. Also the name of a prefecture. Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui): Originally the region of the western Qiang people southwest of Hegu Guan; the Tang Dynasty established Song Prefecture there. Also the name of a river. Song River, one of the Three Rivers mentioned in the Tribute of Yu (Yugong). Sometimes also written in a variant form (song). Textual research note: In the Book of Rites (Liji), the phrase should read: Like the pine and cypress which have a heart, they endure through the four seasons without changing their branches or leaves. According to the original text, the character for like (ru) has been added before pine, and the character for therefore (gu) has been added before endure.