Yin Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Towel (jīn) Character: shi Kangxi stroke count: 10 Page 331, Entry 03 Ancient characters: According to Tang Yun (Book of Rhymes of the Tang Dynasty), Jiyun (Compilation of Rhymes), Yunhui (Collection of Rhymes), and Zhengyun (Correct Rhymes), the pronunciation is shi. According to Erya (Approaching Elegance), section on explaining glosses, it means a multitude. According to the Shiyan section, it refers to people. The commentary by Guo says this refers to a multitude of people. The place where the Son of Heaven resides is called jingshi. Book of Odes (Shijing): Bless this capital. Gongyang Zhuan (Gongyang’s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals), ninth year of Duke Huan: Jingshi means a great multitude. According to Shuowen (Discussing Writing), two thousand five hundred people constitute a shi. Zhouli (Rites of Zhou), section on the Office of Earth: Five lü constitute a shi. The commentary says this is two thousand five hundred people. Book of Odes (Shijing): The King of Zhou traveled, and the six armies followed him. The commentary says these are the six armies of the Son of Heaven. The sub-commentary says that during the Spring and Autumn period, even if numbering in the tens of thousands, they were all called shi. The six armies in the Book of Odes refer to the armies of the six forces. According to the commentary on the Shi hexagram in the Book of Changes (Yijing), a large group is called an army, a medium group is called a shi, and a small group is called a lü. Shi is a term for a medium-sized group. According to Yupian (Jade Book), it means to model. It is a title for one who teaches people the way. Book of Documents (Shangshu), section on the Great Declaration: Act as their teacher. Book of Rites (Liji), section on the Crown Prince Wen: When he goes out, he has a teacher. A teacher is one who instructs in affairs and clarifies virtue. According to Yupian, it means to imitate others. According to Zengyun (Expanded Rhymes), it means to take as a model or to emulate. Book of Documents (Shangshu), section on the Counsels of Gao Yao: All the officials emulate one another. The commentary says shi shi means to take each other as a model. It also means a senior or elder. Book of Documents (Shangshu), section on the Merits of Yi: There are twelve senior officials in the state. The commentary says shi means elder. It is also the name of a spirit. Zhouli (Rites of Zhou), section on the Office of Spring: Use burnt offerings to sacrifice to the Wind Master and the Rain Master. The commentary says the Wind Master is the constellation J i, and the Rain Master is the constellation Bi. Qu Yuan’s Li Sao (Encountering Sorrow): The Thunder Master informed me that it was not yet ready. The commentary says the Thunder Master is Fenglong. Name of a state. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), account of Dayuan: Loulan and Gushi. The commentary says these are the names of two states. Gushi is the same as Cheshi. Name of a county. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu), Treatise on Geography: Henan Yin contains Yanshi. The commentary says it was the capital of Emperor Ku. Name of an official title. Zuozhuan (Zuo’s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals), 17th year of Duke Zhao: The Yellow Emperor used clouds to record, so he had cloud masters, and the clouds were named after them. The Flame Emperor used fire to record, so he had fire masters, and the fire was named after them. The Gonggong clan used water to record, so they had water masters, and the water was named after them. The Taihao clan used dragons to record, so they had dragon masters, and the dragons were named after them. When Shaohao Zhi took the throne, the phoenix arrived, so he recorded by birds, having bird masters, and the birds were named after them. Book of Documents (Shangshu), section on the Offices of Zhou: Appoint the Grand Master, Grand Tutor, and Grand Guardian; these are the Three Dukes. Appoint the Junior Master, Junior Tutor, and Junior Guardian, called the Three Solitaries. Shide, name of a palace. History of the Former Han (Qianshu), biography of Yang Xiong: Zhique and Luhan, Tangli and Shide. The commentary by Shigu says the Shide Palace was located in the territory of Liyang. Name of a beast. Interchangable with lion. History of the Former Han (Qianshu), Western Regions account: Wuyi Mountain produces lions. Surname. History of the Former Han (Qianshu), biography of Shi Dan: Dan was a man from Dongwu in Langya, who served as Grand Minister of Works during the reign of Emperor Ai. Right Shi and Left Shi are both double-character surnames.