Si Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Water (shuǐ) Shen; Kangxi stroke count: 12; Page 632, Entry 01 Archaic form. According to the Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), pronounced shen. The name of a river. According to the Analytical Dictionary of Characters (Shuowen), the river originates in Nanping, Guiyang, and flows west into Yingdao. Also refers to secluded or deep. According to the Expanded Rhymes (Zengyun), deep is the opposite of shallow. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Beifeng, it says: when the water is deep, one crosses the river while wearing clothes; when the water is shallow, one lifts one's clothes to cross the river. Also refers to profound and subtle. In the Book of Changes (Yijing), Xici, it says: only through depth can one comprehend the aspirations of all people under heaven. Also refers to hidden. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Winter Official, Artificers Record (Kaogongji), it says: a woodworker must keep their claws hidden deep. Also refers to a type of garment. In the Book of Rites (Liji), Deep Robe Commentary (Shenyi Shu), it says: the upper garment and lower skirt are joined, covering the body and appearing profound, therefore it is called deep. Also refers to the name of a prefecture. According to the Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui), during the Later Han dynasty, there was Bolu Commandery, and during the Sui dynasty, Shen Prefecture was established. According to the Records of Universal Geography (Guangyuji), it now belongs to Zhending Prefecture. Also according to the Expanded Rhymes (Guangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Dictionary of Rhymes (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun), pronounced shen. To measure depth is called deep. In the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Earth Official, it says: use a gnomon to measure the depth of the earth.