You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) Kangxi Strokes: 14 Page 1163, Entry 06 Shuowen Jiezi states: This is the ancient form of the character pronounced qiao. Book of Documents (Shangshu), chapter Metal Bound Coffer (Jinteng): It is recorded that the King did not yet dare to rebuke the Duke. Note: Rebuke is the meaning here. Book of Han (Hanshu), biography of Qing Bu: It is recorded that the King of Chu repeatedly sent messengers to reprimand and summon Bu. Note: Reprimand is the meaning here.