Chen Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Sun (rì) Kangxi Strokes: 21 Page 501, Entry 37 Pronounced nang (rising tone) According to the Tang Rhyme (Tangyun), the Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun), and the Rhyme Anthology (Yunhui), the pronunciation is a combination of nai and lang, an upper rising tone of xiang. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it means previously. According to the Literary Interpretations (Shiyan) of the Progressive Categorization of Words (Erya), nang means previously. The commentary states: when speaking of the past while in the present, sometimes one says nang, and sometimes one says xiang. According to the Commentary of Zuo (Zuo Zhuan), Twenty-fourth Year of Duke Xiang: Previously, one only thought of advancing. According to the Discourses of the States (Jin Yu): Was what was said previously a joke? According to the Verses of Chu (Chu Ci), Nine Chapters: It still retains its former bearing. Also, according to the Interpretations of Ancient Words (Shigu) of the Progressive Categorization of Words (Erya), nang means long ago.