Chou Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Mouth (kǒu) Character: Mang Kangxi strokes: 10 Page 190, Entry 07 Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), and Rhyme Meeting (Yunhui) define the pronunciation as mang. According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen), it refers to discordant speech. Another definition states it is mixed language. Discourses of the States (Guoyu), specifically the section Discussions on Qi (Qiyu), states: When people live together in a mixed manner, their language becomes mang. Commentary: Mang describes a state of disorder. Little Erya (Xiao Erya) states: Broad language and mixed language are called mang.