Shen Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Insect (chóng). Kangxi strokes: 21. Page 1101, Entry 41. Ancient texts. Pronounced li (rising tone). Pronounced li (falling tone). According to the Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Graphs and Analysis of Characters), it refers to insects boring into the interior of trees. It also refers to Pengli, the name of a lake or marsh. From the Book of Documents (Shujing), section Tribute of Yu (Yugong): Eastward it gathers to form Lake Pengli. Commentary: Pengli is located on the western border of Yangzhou. Also pronounced li (level tone). From the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of the Xiongnu: Establishing the Left and Right Worthies and the Left and Right Guli. Also pronounced li (rising tone), meaning a gourd ladle. From the Book of Han (Hanshu), Biography of Dongfang Shuo: Use a ladle to measure the sea. Also pronounced luo (rising tone), meaning the same. According to the Yupian (Jade Compendium), lili describes the appearance of being arranged neatly. From Liu Xiang, Nine Laments (Jiutan): Ascending Changling to gaze in all directions, seeing the angelica gardens arranged so neatly. It also refers to the name of a mountain. From Yang Xiong, Changyang Rhapsody (Changyang Fu): Burning Moli. Commentary: Moli is the name of a mountain. It also refers to a personal name. From the Book of Jin (Jinshu), Annals of Yao Hong: Yao Moli. From the Book of Song (Songshu), Biography of Prince Xiufan of Guiyang: Du Moli. It is also interchangeable with the character for snail. According to the Leipian (Classified Dictionary), it belongs to the clam family. The sage imitates the clam, closing the door and not appearing, as seen in the Wenzi. Also pronounced luo (rising tone). Culi refers to thick skin. Another theory suggests it refers to scabies. From the Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 6 of Duke Huan: Saying it does not produce the disease of culi. Also pronounced li (falling tone), the name of an insect. Also pronounced li (falling tone). According to the Yangzi (Fangyan): Canli means to separate. Commentary: It refers to dividing. In the Qi region it is called can, and in the Chu region it is called li. Sometimes also written in a variant form. Textual research: In the Nine Laments (Jiutan) by Liu Xiang, Ascending Changling to gaze in all directions, seeing the angelica gardens arranged so neatly. The text has been carefully corrected from Nine Songs to Nine Laments in accordance with the original book.