Shen Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Insect (chóng) Kangxi Strokes: 23 Page 1103, Entry 18 Pronounced juan. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to a horse-蠲, a type of insect. The Monthly Ordinances of the Hall of Enlightenment (Mingtang Yueling) states: Rotten grass turns into 蠲. It also carries the meaning of clean or pure. The Book of Odes (Shijing), Lesser Odes, states: Make pure the ritual food (referring to the preparation of clean wine and food). The Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), Offices of Heaven, Palace Attendants, mentions: To remove unclean things. It also carries the meaning of to make manifest or bright. The Commentary of Zuo (Zuozhuan), 14th Year of Duke Xiang, states: Duke Hui made manifest his great virtue. According to the Jade Chapters (Yupian), it also means to remove or to be quick. According to the Collection of Rhymes (Yunhui), it is also pronounced gui. The meaning remains the same. It is also interchangeable with the character gui. The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), 士虞礼, states: The grieving son so-and-so, gui (as a form of purification) and sorrowfully offers it. The annotation cites the Book of Odes: Make pure the ritual food. According to the Proper Character Guide (Zhengzitong), people in the Tang Dynasty used starch to treat paper to make it smooth and bright, known as 蠲 paper. 蠲 is pronounced gui. The Vocabulary Collection (Zihui) also records the pronunciation gui, citing a poem by Emperor Taizong of Tang: The water ripples like the movement of 蠲 paper. The meaning is that the water patterns resemble 蠲 paper. The Rhyme Compendium (Yunlue) also gives the pronunciation juan. Textual research: It is also interchangeable with gui. The Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial (Yili), 士虞礼, states: The grieving son so-and-so, gui and sorrowfully offers the sacrificial feast. The annotation notes that gui is now written as 蠲. Following the original text, the phrase and sorrowfully offers the sacrificial feast has been amended to and sorrowfully offers it, and the note gui is now written as 蠲 has been amended to cite the Book of Odes: Make pure the ritual food.