Chou Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Earth (tǔ). Jian. Kangxi brush strokes: 11. Page 232, Entry 03. Pronounced jian. Meaning solid, firm, or powerful. Book of Odes (Shijing): Refers to grain that is plump, firm, and excellent. Book of Rites (Liji): Records that in the final month of winter, the ice on the water surface becomes thick and solid. Also refers to the central force where the commander of an army is stationed, known as the central firm. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): Mentions charging the central firm forces of the enemy. Also serves as a surname. See Surname Garden (Xingyuan). Also, according to the System of Posthumous Titles (Shifa), one who manifests righteousness and conceals faults is called jian. Also pronounced jin. Book of the Later Han (Hou Hanshu): A local proverb says that glue and lacquer consider themselves solid, but they cannot compare to the friendship of Lei Yi and Chen Zhong. Textual research: In Book of Rites (Liji), the phrase regarding the final month of winter specifies the ice on the water surface is thick and solid. The original text has been corrected from water surface to water surface to match the citation.