Si Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Water (shuǐ) Dú Kangxi strokes: 19 Page 658, Entry 34 Pronounced dú. Shuowen Jiezi (Explanation of Simple and Compound Characters): A ditch or canal. Erya (Approaching the Elegant): A waterway that flows into the irrigation ditches of fields is called a dú. The Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji rivers are collectively known as the Four Dú. Shiming (Explanation of Names): Dú means solitary. Each river flows independently into the ocean. Baihu Tong (Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall): Dú means turbid. The Central Plains are full of turbidity; the water originates in the east and flows into the sea, with significant and vast contributions, hence it is called dú. Fengsu Tong (Comprehensive Meaning of Customs): Dú means to communicate; it is used to dredge and clear the turbidity of the Central Plains. Also refers to small drainage ditches. Jia Yi, Ode on Lamenting Qu Yuan (Diaoquyuan Fu): How could a mere shallow drainage ditch accommodate a fish capable of swallowing a boat? Also refers to annoyance or repetition. Book of Changes (Yijing), Meng Hexagram: To ask repeatedly is an annoyance; if the questioning is annoying, the divine will not reveal the outcome. Also refers to slighting or disrespect. Book of Changes (Yijing), Xici: The superior person does not flatter those in higher positions, nor does he slight those in lower positions. Also refers to changing or violating. Zuo Zhuan (Commentary of Zuo), 16th Year of Duke Cheng: To desecrate a covenant and break a promise. Also refers to the name of a mountain. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices: Dú Mountain, which is the Wen Mountain in the Shu region. Pronounced dòu. Goudú, a place name. Zuo Zhuan (Commentary of Zuo), 12th Year of Duke Huan: The Duke and the Duke of Song formed an alliance at the Hill of Goudú. Also written as the variant form dòu (hole). Zuo Zhuan (Commentary of Zuo), 30th Year of Duke Xiang: Boyou entered through the drainage hole of the tomb gate. Dú, as noted in the commentary by Xu Miao, is pronounced dòu. Correction: In the Erya (Approaching the Elegant), the text states the Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji are the Four Dú. The original text has been corrected from Yangtze, Huai, and Ji to Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji.