Xu Collection, Lower Volume, Radical: Leaf (yè), Kangxi strokes: 13, Page 1401, Entry 01. Pronounced dun (falling tone). Shuowen Jiezi: To lower the head. Book of Rites (Zhouli), Office of Spring (Chunguan), Great Invocation (Dazhu): Differentiate the nine types of kneeling rituals; the second is called dunshou (head-knocking). Commentary: Dunshou means knocking the head against the ground. Guangya: Dun means to collapse. Yang Xiong's Dialects (Fangyan): Dunmin means confused or muddled. This is how it is referred to in the Jiang and Xiang regions. In the Southern Chu region, chest discomfort caused by taking poison is also called dunmin, similar to what is called dizziness in the central Qi region. Zengyun: A place for storage, lodging, or dining. History of Sui (Suishu), Annals of Emperor Yang: Upon reaching any location, multiple places for lodging and dining were arranged. Zengyun: Refers to an instance or a frequency. Also refers to eating a single meal. A New Account of Tales of the World (Shishuo Xinyu): Luo You of Xiangyang once went to wait for someone to hold a sacrificial ceremony so he could beg for food. He arrived too early, and the host asked why he was there. He replied: I heard you were holding a ceremony and wanted to beg for a meal. Du Fu's Poetry: Every meal (dun) consists of yellow croaker. Dou-dun: Means suddenly. Liezi, Heavenly Questions (Tianrui): Primordial energy does not vanish suddenly, and the physical form does not deteriorate suddenly. Meaning to damage. Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan), Year 4 of Duke Xiang: Weapons were not damaged. Commentary: Dun means to be broken. Correct Interpretation: Dun refers to being crushed, injured, or broken; this is the meaning of the common vernacular expression weidun (worn out/exhausted). Meaning to stop. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), Biography of Wang Jian: For three days and three nights, there was no stopping to rest. Meaning to abandon or let go. Cao Zhi, Seven Exhortations (Qi Qi): Cast the net and loosen the ropes. Commentary: Dun means to abandon. Zong means to loosen. Name of a place. Book of Odes (Shijing), Odes of Wei (Weifeng): Escorting you across the Qi River to reach Dunqiu. Commentary: A mound with a single layer is called Dunqiu. History of Former Han (Qianhan), Treatise on Geography: Dunqiu County belongs to Dong Commandery. Commentary: It is named after the hill. A single-layered hill is called a Dunqiu, meaning it was formed in one instance. Name of a state. Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), Year 25 of Duke Xi: The people of Chu besieged the state of Chen and escorted the ruler of Dun back to the state of Dun. History of Former Han (Qianhan), Treatise on Geography: Nandu County belongs to Runan Commandery. Commentary: This was the original state of Dunzi. The state of Dun was pressured by the state of Chen and later moved south, hence it is called Nandu (Southern Dun). A surname. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Weizhi), Biography of Hua Tuo: There was a person named Dun Zixian. Jiyun and Zhengyun: Pronounced dun (falling tone). Jiyun: Means not sharp (blunt). History of Former Han (Qianhan), Biography of Jia Yi: A sharp blade will not become blunt. Commentary: Dun is read as dun (blunt). Yunhui and Zhengyun: Pronounced duo (entering tone). History of Former Han (Qianhan), Treatise on the Xiongnu: The crown prince of the Chanyu was called Modu. Commentary: Mo is read as mo, and du is read as du.