You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) du Kangxi strokes: 29 Page 1188, Entry 15 Pronounced du. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it is defined as bitter hatred and resentment. Xu Kai states that it symbolizes the resentment of the masses, which is why the character form utilizes two speech radicals. The Guangya defines it as detestation. In the Dialects (Fangyan) by Yang Xiong, it states that du jiu refers to slander. Guo Pu notes that this refers to the masses discussing matters fervently and slandering with resentment. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), Year 1 of Duke Zhao, it states the common people have no criticism or grievances. Du Yu notes that du means slander. In the History of the Former Han (Qian Hanshu), Record of the Five Elements, it states that words of hatred and resentment circulate among the people. Yan Shigu notes that du refers to words expressing bitter hatred and resentment.