Mao Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Heart (xīn) 慈 Kangxi stroke count: 14 Page 397, Entry 25 Pronounced cí. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it means love. It is composed of the radical for heart, with the phonetic component zī. According to the Essence of Characters (Jingyun), it refers to the love of parents for their children. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), under the twenty-sixth year of Duke Zhao: Fathers are loving and children are filial, mothers-in-law are kind and daughters-in-law are obedient. In the Ceremonial Rites (Yili), under Mourning Apparel: A loving mother is like a mother, referring to a foster mother. In the Book of Rites (Liji), under Internal Regulations: Loving by providing sweet and fine food. The commentary explains: Loving refers to serving with love and respect. Regarding kindness and harmony, it refers to one's demeanor or conduct. In the Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), under the eighteenth year of Duke Wen: Illustrious, loving, benevolent, and harmonious. The commentary explains: One who is loving has love arising from the heart, with grace covering all things. According to the Expanded Rhymes (Zengyun), it also means yielding, good, and benevolent. It is also the name of a stone. The Essence of Characters (Jingyun) states: When a mountain produces iron on its sunny side, the lodestone (cishí) is produced on its shady side. In the Praise of the Lodestone by Guo Pu: The lodestone attracts iron, just as a mother and child long for one another. The common usage of writing this as the character for magnetism is incorrect. It is also the name of a bamboo. According to the Record of Bamboo (Zhupu): Bamboo that grows in clusters, where parent and offspring rely on one another, is called mother bamboo (cizhú). It is also the name of a fruit. According to the Record of Fragrant Herbs (Qunfang Pu): The arrowhead plant (cígu) grows from a single root and produces twelve tubers a year; in a leap year, it produces thirteen, just as a loving mother suckles her children. It is also the name of a prefecture. The Tang dynasty established Ci Prefecture. It is also a surname. During the Han dynasty, there was Ci Ren, and during the Ming dynasty, there was Ci Zhi. It is composed of the heart radical and the phonetic zī. Wei Xiao states: Zī implies nurturing one's child to allow them to grow, with the heart fixed upon loving them. Popularly, it is sometimes mistakenly written in a variant form.