You Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Walk (chuò) Kangxi Strokes: 22 Page 1267, Entry 05 Ancient text. According to Collected Rimes (Jiyun), Collection of Rimes (Yunhui), and Correct Rimes (Zhengyun), pronounced bian. According to Jade Chapters (Yupian), it means a boundary or a frontier. Book of Rites (Liji), Jade Ornaments: In the frontier towns. Commentary: Frontier towns refer to cities in the remote regions of the Nine Provinces. Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), Thirteenth Year of Duke Cheng: Stirring up and invading our border territories. Also, according to Correct Rimes (Zhengyun), it means adjacent or near. History of the Former Han (Qianhan Shu), Annals of Emperor Gao: The Qi state was near the Chu state. Also, it means the side or flank. Book of Rites (Liji), Tan Gong: When wearing the mourning garments of the second degree (qicui), one must not sit leaning to one side. Commentary: When observing mourning, one should maintain respect; both sitting and standing should be upright, and one must not sit crookedly while wearing these garments. Also, the bianzhang, referring to a jade tablet (zhang) with ornamentation on only one side. Record of Trades (Kaogongji), Winter Offices (Dongguan), Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): The bianzhang is seven inches long. Also, a surname. Descendants of Bian Bo, an official of the Zhou dynasty. During the Southern Tang dynasty, there was Bian Gao. Analytical Dictionary of Characters (Shuowen) writes it as the variant form. Textual research: Zuo Tradition (Zuo Zhuan), Thirteenth Year of Duke Cheng: Stirring up our border territories. Corrected from the original text to read stirring up and invading based on textual evidence.