Xu Collection, Lower Volume Radical: Leaf (yè) Kangxi Strokes: 16 Page 1405, Entry 18 Ancient character. According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), pronounced pin. According to Collection of Rhymes (Jiyun) and Rhymes Collected (Yunhui), pronounced pin. According to Jade Chapters (Yupian), it means urgent or pressing. According to Broad Refinements (Guangya), it means continuous or frequent. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Great Odes (Daya) section, it refers to a nation's fate being critical. The Commentary states that this term denotes urgency. The Supplementary Commentary states that it refers to a continuous succession; the state's decrees causing such disasters to follow one another without end. Also refers to a surname. According to Customs and Traditions (Fengsutong), there was a Grand Administrator of Jiuquan named Pin Chang during the Han dynasty. Also, according to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to the edge of the water. Xu Xuan states that the current common form written with the water radical is incorrect. In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Great Odes (Daya) section, it asks if the pond drying up does not begin from the edge. The Commentary states that this refers to the bank. The Supplementary Commentary states that it should be written with the water radical. Also interchangeable with the character meaning to knit the eyebrows. In the Book of Changes (Yijing), Return Hexagram (Fugua), it describes knitting the brows in return; although there is danger, there is no disaster. The Annotation states this describes the appearance of knitting the brows. Also refers to a type of fruit. In the History of the Former Han (Qianhanshu), Sima Xiangru's Rhapsody on the Upper Forest (Shanglin Fu), it mentions the renpin and binglü. The Annotation states that renpin is the areca nut. This character is sometimes written in a variant form (bin). Textual Research: In the Book of Odes (Shijing), Great Odes (Daya) section, the original text mentions the drying of the pond. Per the original text, the character for earth has been corrected to the character for pond.