Xu Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Leather (gé) 鞭 Kangxi Strokes: 18 Page 1390, Entry 09 Classical Citations: According to Tang Rhymes (Tangyun), Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), and Rhyme Meeting (Yunhui), pronounced bian. According to Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), the original form was written as a variant, meaning to drive away. According to Jade Chapter (Yupian), defined as to flog, also refers to a horse whip. According to Book of Documents (Shujing): The whip is used as an official punishment. Commentary: Using the whip as a punishment to govern officials. According to Zuo Tradition (Zuozhuan): Holding a horse whip and bow in the left hand, and carrying a quiver and bow case on the right. According to Book of Rites (Liji): When riding in the ruler's carriage, one must wear formal court attire and carry a horse whip, and one must not accept the boarding rope handed by others. According to Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): Whenever entering the marketplace, the overseers hold whips and measuring tools to guard the gates. According to Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji): Using a red whip to strike plants and trees. Textual Research: According to Rites of Zhou (Zhouli): Whenever entering the marketplace, the overseers hold whips and measuring tools to guard the gates. Following the original text, the character for official has been removed.