Wei Collection, Middle Volume Radical: Silk (mì) Kangxi Strokes: 18 Page 938, Entry 02 Pronounced zeng. According to the Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen Jiezi), it refers to silk cloth. The seal script variant is written as xing. In the Biography of Guan Ying in the History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu), it mentions a seller of silk cloth in Suiyang. The commentary by Yan Shigu states that this is a general term for silk fabrics. Also the name of a state. In the Guliang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals (Guliang Zhuan), entry for the fourteenth year of Duke Xi, it is recorded that Lady Ji and the Viscount of Zeng met at Fang. In the Discourses of Zhou (Zhou Yu), it mentions Qi and Zeng originating from Tai Si. The commentary notes that Qi and Zeng were two states with the surname Si, descendants of Yu the Great of the Xia dynasty. Also the name of a county. In the Hereditary House of Wu Taibo in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), it is noted that they defeated the army of Qi at Ailing and reached Zeng. The commentary identifies this as Zeng County in Langye. Also a surname. In the Basic Annals of the Xia in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), it is stated that Yu held the surname Si, and his descendants were enfeoffed and used their state names as surnames, including the Zeng clan. In the Annals of Emperor Wen in the History of the Former Han (Qian Han Shu), it mentions the Marquis of Qi, Zeng He, serving as a general. Also pronounced zeng, ceng, or zeng. The meaning is the same. Also used interchangeably with zeng (a corded arrow). In the Yellow Map of the Three Auxiliary Districts (Sanfu Huangtu), it describes Cifei preparing corded arrows to shoot wild geese. Textual research: In the Hereditary House of Wu Taibo in the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), the text says defeated the army of Qi at Ai and reached Zeng. Based on the original text, Ai has been corrected to Ailing.